Hybrid Warfare in the Sea

Iran and China have been accused of conducting hybrid warfare in the sea. Maritime domain is excellent scenery for hybrid warfare, mixing conventional and non-conventional forces and force capabilities. China conducts hybrid warfare tactics in the South China Sea using three lines of defense: Conventional military navies that integrate People Liberation’s Army Navy (PLAM), New Coast Guard vessels that are designed for rapid conversion into navy frigates, and People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia (PAFMM). The last one line of defense in the sea (PAFMM) is a weaponized fishing fleet focus on hybrid warfare in the sea for low intensity maritime confrontations. The maritime domain offers the opportunity of blending of psychological warfare with kinetic covert operations. Read More at: http://www.armada.mde.es/archivo/rgm/2019/10/rgmoct2019cap07.pdf